Discuss Shakespeare’s presentation of Cleopatra Essay

‘A woman of infinite variety’. This may be a very accurate portrayal of Cleopatra in my opinion. Cleopatra is a very interesting character in Shakespeare’s ‘Antony and Cleopatra’. She is presented in many ways; she is a great lover yet childish within her actions. Her actions are a reflection of her personality and shows how her character develops throughout the play. She goes from childish to suffering her consequences of this. The presentation of Cleopatra contributes to the play’s audiences and the things she does are a reflection of her love for Antony. Shakespeare’s presentation of Cleopatra helps to make her a credible character and helps audience to relate to her actions taken. An aspect of Cleopatra’s presentation is when she is with and without Antony. It is noticeable how her actions change, with the juxtaposition of scenes where she is in Egypt without Antony. Without him, we see her as a woman in love. She spends hours wondering where her beloved Antony is and what is he doing. She often ponders if he is thinking of her. She is infatuated with him. She can’t bear to be apart from him. This is shown in act 1 scene 5 when Cleopatra asks to drink ‘mandragora’. This is a type of sleeping drug. She is effectively saying that she can’t bear to be parted from her lover so she might as well sleep the time away. This is in contrast to her behaviour towards him when he returns to her. It as if when he’s around her he can never please her or at least she will never show her pleasure with him. She is hesitant as if she doesn’t want him to see her true love for him. This makes me think that because of her past with men, which never seems to work out she may realise that he is the ‘one’ for her but she is afraid that she may lose him. This can be seen by her anger when Charmian praises Caesar Cleopatra demands they say ‘ the brave Antony’ by Shakespeare using the word brave this shows Cleopatra see’s him as strong and noble. Her actions also show she is hard to please for example she tells Charmian that if she finds Antony sad then ‘say I’m dancing.’ This shows how perverse she can be, especially towards Antony; it shows her childlike actions towards him. Shakespeare has presented Cleopatra as a very alluring character, who seems to be able to charm and enchant any man or woman. Her ladies seem to be under a spell. They love her so much and are so loyal towards her. She has a great sex appeal and is able to use it to her advantage, although some characters see her as a ‘strumpet’, they believe she has used her enchantment to control Antony. This can be seen by the way he is so in love with her he leaves wives just to be with her. Some may argue he is not truly in love with her, that it is lust, but it doesn’t explain the consequences he suffers to be with her. Maybe Shakespeare is trying to show how one person can have such an impact on a person’s life through love. This would be valid as the play is a great love story. Shakespeare presents Cleopatra as a very controlling and overpowering woman. This can be seen as even the cynical Enobarbus admits to the power of Cleopatra’s appearance. He describing her as ‘beggared all description’ shows that to describe the barge exhausts the power of language. She is of course a queen and all queens have a very regal presence, this is seen in the famous barge speech by Enobarbus, where he describes this wonderful barge with ‘purple sails’, purple is associated as very regal colour and he talks of the gold on the barge which represent her wealth. These images are used to show her status and importance. Enobarbus also describes a scent surrounding her ‘a strange invisible perfume hits the sense’. This sensual imagery for her presence as perfume is associated with a sweet smell. The movement of the oars of the barge are described in a powerful image ‘ tunes of flutes kept stroke,’ This means that the music kept the oars at a rhythmic pace. He also says she ‘o’erpicturing that Venus’ this is saying how she is almost better than Venus, the goddess of love. By comparing her to a Goddess this shows her influence upon people. Shakespeare’s barge speech gives the impression of her charm and attraction, to enhance her enticement and sex appeal towards men. In the last scene where Cleopatra kills herself she want to die wearing all her jewels and fine cloths and crown. This is to show how proud she is of herself and for people to remember her as a queen. Even when she is dead Charmian straightens up her crown. This shows the loyalty of Cleopatra’s woman and their love for her such that they want Cleopatra to look her best even in death.

International Economic Essay

Globalization process refers to the worldwide incorporation of economic, cultural, political as well as religious and social arrangements. There are other definitions with the IMF referring it as the growing economic interdependence of nations globally through improving quantity and range of inter-country trade, free international capital flows and extensive widespread of technological knowledge. Economically, it’s defined as the union of prices, products, wages as well as interest rates and margins to fit in the developed countries standards. Globalization has various advantages such as appearance of global production, markets as well as wider access to a variety of internationally produced goods for consumers and producers. Secondly, there is emergence of international economic markets and greater access to external funds for; local, national and other borrowers. Thirdly, it’s economically beneficial in that there is recognition of an international common market depending on the autonomous exchange of commodities between nations. Fourthly, there is a formation of world political government that maintains the relationship between nations and ensures the freedom arising from social and economic internationalization. In addition, there is a greater information flows between different countries hence enhancing communication, while encouraging intercultural contacts and adoption of other cultural ideas hence promoting the adoption of new technology and practices therefore encouraging unity and harmony. Finally, it encourages global cooperation which assists in solving environmental challenges such as water and air pollution, over fishing of the seas and climate change. Similarly, it encourages health competition between nations and industries hence ensuring efficiency and effectiveness in the production of commodities. This ensures that goods produced are of high quality and charged fairly. This ensures that consumers are not exploited by producers who may produce counterfeit goods and charge high prices. In the wake of internationalization, productivity is essential so as to meet the international demand for goods and services and remain competitive in the world market. At the same time, nations which experience economic growth are fairly placed and their commodities are highly demanded in the world market. It also ensures that can trade with others effectively and efficiently by meeting the required standards as they can afford the current technology and production techniques. Tariffs refers to a tax on foreign goods once they are imported i. e. immediately on arrival at the port, the custom officer examines the goods and imposes a levy as per the custom formula. There are various types of tariffs such as: an ad valorem tariff which is a percentage of the value of a commodity while specific tariff is charged on a commodity as per its weight, volume or surface, but not to its value. It shows many units of a currency are charged per amount or area. There is also a revenue tariff that refers to a group of levies imposed mainly to raise income for the government while protective tariff is mainly imposed to temporarily raise the prices of imports while protecting the local or domestic industries from foreign competition and dumping of unwanted commodities or imports. However, they raise the price of a commodity as per the imposed levy, hence exploiting the consumers of the good or manufacturers who utilize as a raw material, at the same time ii can lead to trade war when it doesn’t favor the imposing country. Trade blocks are formed to minimize or eliminate tariffs against trade with each other and impose protective tariffs on imports outside the block, while custom union has a common external tariff as per agreed strategy; the member countries divide the revenue from the tariff on commodities entering the union among themselves. Economic theories argue that tariffs are unnecessary disruption of consumers’ sovereignty and the rule of free market. They argue that it is unjust to the consumers and generally unfavorable for a nation to protect a non performing industry, it’s healthier to let it collapse and give way a new efficient one to grow in its position. Others claim that protective tariffs that assist in protecting infant industries permit them to develop and withstand competition in the international trade once they expand their size. Similarly, tariffs can be used as a political tool to define the boundaries of an independent country as absence of tariffs establishes a free market system with no borders. However, it has been argued that tariffs assist developing countries as they are easy to collect, and these countries lack institutional capability to efficiently raise revenue and sales taxes. Non tariff barriers to trade are ways to avoid free trade regulations such as those of European Union (EU), World trade organization (WTO) etc. hat restrict imposition of tariffs such as anti dumping regulations and counterfeit goods measures, which have similar results as tariffs though imposed in special conditions. Other non tariff barriers are in form of processing or production requirements of a commodity with an import ban imposed on those goods which do not meet the requirement or condition. Some trade barriers are openly allowed in very limited conditions, when reckoned important to safeguard health, safety, sanitation or depletable resources. Non tariff barriers to trade take many forms such as state subsidies that favor an individual or industry hence disadvantaging others subsidizing, therefore becoming more competitive in the market as well as national regulations on safety, health, employment and product classification which tend to discriminate some business while favoring others. Quotas are also form of barriers as an industry can’t produce more than the recommended quantity, hence regulating its production capacity and trade in general. imilarly, foreign exchange control and multiplicity forms a non trade barrier as countries or industries that do not access it cant participate in foreign trade easily, hence it acts as a form of trade barrier as well patents and copyright laws that give an individual or industry the ultimate powers to produce a commodity alone, therefore regulating trade. Others include bribery, corruption, unfair customs procedures, restrictive licenses, import bans and restrictive import regimes which act as an obstacle to trade.

How is John’s relationship with Elizabeth different from that with Abigail? Essay

The relationship betwen John and Abigail had more physical chemistry and lust compared to that between John and Elizabeth, who kept a more estranged and distant relationship. This is seen from Abigail’s flirtatious relationship with John, with Abigail caught admiring John physique, â€Å"absorbing his presence, wide-eyed†, in comparison with Elizabeth, who simply â€Å"receives† John’s kiss and remains indifferent towards his warm approaches. With that, we understand that John and Abigail shared a more romantic and passionate relationship between them, compared to the cold and slightly distant relationship between John and his wife. This is probably due to the fact that Abigail is more emotional and reciprocrates John’s feelings for her openly unlike Elizabeth, who tends to be more frigid and timid. With the contrast in characters, we see how each of them responds to John’s affections differently, with Elizabeth holding back from him due to t he affair he previously had. This attraction between John and Abigail is further seen in a short exchange between them, where John reacts to the flirtings with â€Å"a knowing smile†,while Abigail pushes on and asks for â€Å"a soft word†, while the Proctor household remains cold and lacking in warmth and passion. John and Elizabeth both show true concern for one another while the relationship between Abigail and John is very superficial and self-serving. This is evident where John defends Elizabeth from Abigail’s malicious comments, ordering her to â€Å"speak nothin’ of Elizabeth.†, showing that John truely does care for Elizabeth and would stand up to anyone who bad-mouths her. His protective action is a display of geniune love and his commitment to stay devoted to his wife, thus portraying him as a good and repentant husband. This is unlike his relationship with Abigail, who he later calls a â€Å"child†, that sports a condescending tone. He tries to forget all past ties he had with Abigail, even teling her that â€Å"we never touched†. He turns away from Abigail’s desperate pleas to come back to her and simply puts her away, after making use of her love for him. With that, we understand that John probably never geniunely cared for Abigail and only took advantage of her youth and naà ¯ve self to satisfy his selfish desires. John shows sacrificial love towards Elizabeth while Abigail and John’s relationship arise out of selfish desires. This can be seen when John risks his reputation to protect Elizabeth from the courts. He shows open defiance and â€Å"ripping (rips) the warrant† when Cheever comes to arrest his wife. By putting aside his pride and â€Å"white name†, he shows the reader his unconditional and unfailing love for Elizabeth. He even tries to bribe Herrick to let Elizabeth go, exclaiming â€Å"I’ll pay you!† desprately in a bid to rescue her. Although Elizabeth treated him coldly with suspicion for the past, he was still willing to give up his good name for the one he loved. He promises her a safe return and puts in all his strength to save his wife. In contrast, however, his relationship with Abigail does not show any of such love, with Abigail ending up having to plead with him for acceptance. She exclaims† John, pity me, pity me!†, begging de sperately in tears and practically clinging on to him with every ounce of energy she had . John however rejects her coldly and does nothing to comfort or assure her.

Managing Information Systems- evaluating information systems Essay

Managing Information Systems- evaluating information systems - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the role of information management systems cannot be overestimated. The application of information communication is increasing as more firms realize the benefit of using information technology to power various functions of the business processes. In the UK, there are a number of firms that have responded to the continued development of new management information systems. For example, the there are several mobile banking solutions that are increasingly being adopted in the UK by some of the banking firms. Within the UK Banking sector, First Direct has become one a leading bank in the adoption of mobile banking technologies. According to Boddy, information management systems present business firms with opportunities to leverage their potential. In many business lines, mobile technology has been envisioned as a potential channel that could be exploited. However, developments in the recent decade opened new opportunities for business. Thro ugh the acceptance of the internet as a reliable medium of communication, the use of mobile phones to access internet and share information has been on the rise. Indeed, this is one of the push factors that motivated the development of management information systems that use the mobile platform. The adoption of the mobile banking has been a continued process in other parts of the world, but the United Kingdom has been trailing behind. Nevertheless, this process has changed over time.

Criminology in the Future Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminology in the Future - Term Paper Example The methods have included research on biological and chemical measures that can deter terrorism activities. The methods have advocated for international cooperation in identifying and combating terrorism. The government exercises authority over the citizens through enactment of laws and enforcement (Ball, 2004). The crime fighting methods have changed the social policy from national and international perspectives. The law enforcement agencies and intelligence departments in the U.S assert that international cooperation is the most effective technique of fighting transnational crimes (Ball, 2004). Just six weeks after the September terrorist attacks on Twin towers of the World Trade Centre in New York, the Bush administration moved with speed to enact the Patriots Act. Basically, the Patriot Act is an acronym for (Uniting and strengthening America by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism Act of 2001). The Purpose of the Act was to detect and punish terrorists in America and around the world, enhance the crime investigative mechanisms and enforce the Act in preventing future crimes (Ball, 2004). This crime fighting technique altered the social policy form national and international perspective since it allowed for detecting and prosecution of international money laundering activities that aim at financing terrorism activities (Vacca, 2009). The Act also allowed the U.S to scrutinize foreign countries and financial institutions and international monetary transactions that are susceptible to financing criminal activities. The Act also compelled all financial institutions within the country to report any instances of potential money laundering (Ball, 2004). The Act also prevented use of the U.S financial institutions by corrupt foreigners in facilitating repatriation of illegally acquired assets to

International Tourism In The United States Of America Essay

International Tourism In The United States Of America - Essay Example A number of factors made it possible for people to increasingly visit different places and enjoy a change of scene from their usual environment. Among the factors is the rise of a middle class economy as workers benefited from income generated by working in new industries. This group of citizens had extra income to spend on vacations to different areas of the country occasionally taking a number of days (Shaffer, 2001). Additionally from the late eighteenth century, there were extensive developments in the transport and communication sectors within the US making it easy for people to travel and access information about specific areas they were interested in visiting. The construction of the railroad to link major cities by 1860 was an important step in furthering the increasing interest in tourism especially from entrepreneurs such as Walter Raymond who travelled to California to identify new areas of investment in the area of resort hotel in 1883. Following these developments, there were important developments in tourism as new destinations such as in San Francisco where the Cliff House became an area of interest as well as other places such as Yosemite national Park developed as a tourist attraction from the late 1850s (Shaffer, 2001). The developments in tourism industry from the 18th up to around 1940s majorly benefited the upper class and a few groups of people from the middle class. Additionally, tourism services offered by different players were disintegrated with service providers such as transport agencies, hotels keepers, tour operators and travel agents working as distinct groups within the sector. Each of the service providers worked independent of the other without closer collaborations with those running the hotels strictly being concerned with beds while those in transportation were only concerned with offering passenger services. However, the reality in

Comparing State Constitutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparing State Constitutions - Essay Example This paper will focus on the similarities and differences in the constitution of Texas and Alaska. The Texas Constitution and that of Alaska have various similarities. The major substantive similarity between the constitution in the case of of the State of Alaska and that of Texas is that both have the bill of rights incorporated as their first articles. It is a formal review of the liberties and rights that are considered essential to a group of people or individuals. In both the constitutions, the rights of the individual provide various restraints on the political authority and power to protect the people against abuses and intrusions that are unwarranted. In both the constitutions, the powers of the government are outlined in every listed department. In reference to both constitutions, they are on taxation, suffrage and revenue, as well as the general provisions, and the mechanism of having the constitution amended. Both the Constitution of Alaska and that of Texas describe the function and structure of the government of the United States of America. In addition, both constit utions are used as either implied laws of United States or an embodied fundamental document that governs the state functions and roles at all departmental levels. The two constitutions function as a limiting document which dictates the powers granted to each particular state. On the other hand, there are significant differences between the two highlighted constitutions. The major substantive difference is that the constitution of Texas has seventeen articles in a given order. The first one is the conspicuous bill on Rights. The next is on the power vested on the government. The third article is on the Legislative Department while the fourth is on Executive Department. There is an article on Judicial Department, a proceeding one on Suffrage and another on Education as well as Taxation. The constitution also includes articles on revenue, counties, as well as railroads. These are some

St. Valentine's Day Massacre Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

St. Valentine's Day Massacre - Movie Review Example te ideas ad plans from his members, which is contrary, to Al Capone did in this case, accepting and going ahead with a ruthless and violent plan devised by one of his gang member. The leadership structure of Al Capone’s gang would be argued to have been somewhat organized and rule driven with clear tasks and goals. For instance, Al Capone’s goal was never to kill, eliminate, or take control of Moran’s gang but was to destabilize and weaken Moran’s gang and its perceived threat to the operations of Al Capone (Allen). This depicts a clear goal and task. In addition, organization in terms of leadership structure is also depicted and can be argued in the sense of leadership positions such an accountant position, which was the occupied by Jake â€Å"Greasy Thumb† Guzik, the distribution and sales and liquor a responsibility of Al Capone’s brother, Ralph, and the idea that gang members hoped to climb the leadership ranks. In terms of operation goals, Al Capone’s gang had clear ones, which included complete control of the flow of all illegal alcohol, prostitution business, with the goal of making huge profit margins. Al Capone gained his power from his mentor, Johnny Torrio who brought him from New York to Chicago to come and help in operating the network of gambling and brothel establishments (Allen). Al Capone used violence to ensure the dominance of his gang. In order to gain influence, Al Capone used his power to intimidate, and kill people opposed to his control or posed a threat to his business and gang. He managed to control almost all the alcohol flow and more than half the city through corruption, violence, intimidation, and organized

Counsel Retainment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Counsel Retainment - Essay Example The following is the criteria that a firm should have for the fulfillment of the needs of the company for a general counsel. Such a firm should have significant experience in high dollar manufacturing and product liability. Due to the many laws and regulations in the aviation industry, the firm should have experience and expertise in cases and litigation involving aviation and be thoroughly familiar with FAA regulations. Additionally, international experience in the same areas is critical. These criteria have been chosen due to the high sensitivity of the contract. The company has been awarded a $50,000,000.00 subcontract to produce landing gear components for the next generation of commercial aircraft. This contract is very important to the company and, therefore, must get the best law firm to review the contract. It is also because the company has neither had an in-house counsel, nor been involved in litigation and, thus, has never retained outside counsel. It is important the best counsel be retained for the review of the contract. Following the research and recommendation of outside law firms, the fol lowing was documented as the recommendation: The firm seems to have all our requirements. The firm has an extensive list of awards and recognition including high honors for superior client service among law firms serving Fortune 1000 companies by BTI Client Service 30, 2015; and ranking in U.S News Media Group and Best Lawyers ‘Best Law Firms’ 2015. Additionally, 164 of the firm’s lawyers were recognized in the oldest lawyer-rating publications â€Å"Best Lawyers in America 2015†. A large majority of the firm’s aviation experience has been in product liability representation and counseling. They have provided product liability counseling to companies such as Boeing, Quest Aircraft, McDonnel Douglas Corporation and Garmin, and have represented clients manufacturing clients in cases involving airline

Developments aimed at increasing the number of tourists going to Miami Research Paper

Developments aimed at increasing the number of tourists going to Miami - Research Paper Example The city is known for its famous beaches, sunny weather, luxury hotels, its numerous nightclubs and a number of fun activities that tourists can enjoy. However, there is a lot that can be done to help boost the tourism industry in the city. This paper will focus on two potential developments for the area that will facilitate in tourism attraction. These developments will benefit both local and international tourism in that the developments are essential to the well being of human being. These developments include affordable vacation homes for hire/rent and medical facilities for medical tourism. 2. Affordable vacation homes Accommodation is one of the most expensive necessities when traveling. This is because most tourists have no choice but to stay in hotels during their visit. According to (Simpson 2012: 32), the number of beds in most hotel rooms is two. This is usually not suitable for families or large numbers of friends visiting an area. This results to a lot of money being spe nt on accommodation, money that could be spent on other fun activities during the visit. He goes on to say that, some disadvantages of staying in hotels like long lines at the reception when getting a room, the remoteness of some hotels and the noise from traffic or the city are some of the reasons why people dislike traveling. This is because people leave their homes to relax on their vacations, but they end up hustling. In the long term, this leads to less people traveling both locally and internationally due to the high cost of accommodation in these hotels per night and the process involved in checking in and out of hotels (Becker 2013:15). The development of affordable vacation housing in Miami will attract more tourists in the area because these will represent their homes away from home. The vacation houses will vary in cost depending on the number of bedrooms i.e. 1 to 4 bedrooms. Tourists will have an opportunity to live as they live back home with their own privacy and spac e at an affordable price. The housing development will resemble a normal neighborhood the only difference being that the houses will only be rented to tourists and not locals for residence. The cost of this development will be approximately $15 Million according to (Ogershok 2004: 35) for 10 vacation homes that are fully furnished. The homes will also be very close to the beach in a secure location away from other residential houses. This recommendation has been welcomed and criticized by the public. These were the findings from an interview conducted on the views of the public regarding this development. Most people think it is a good because the affordability of the homes will attract more tourists to Miami, and development will be unique in that the project has not been done before in Miami and that aspect will promote more tourists in the area. Other people said that the houses may remain vacant during the low season and that some tourists may not want to have a home setting whi le they are away from home on vacation. The sustainability of this development will be quite easy and cheap. This is because the houses will only need occasional checkups for plumbing, wiring, gardening and other things that would need to be checked. This will be cheap because what will be required are the occasional repairs, which will not be too many. The tourists hiring the houses will have to sign an agreement that makes them responsible for damages to the houses that they will cause during their stay. This will facilitate the houses durability in their new form for a long time. The houses will only

General science Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

General science - Research Paper Example The first and most apparent recognized use is as communications apparatus with people you already have a strong acquaintance. Email and instantaneous messaging has gone way past the previous adopter phase. For many enterprises, societies and families, it has become one of the prevailing forms of communication. Email is up there with the telephone, and more and more is replacing physical mail and fax. This is fascinating. It took the telephone eons to be at par with this level of acknowledgement for such routine uses. Fax never reached it for personal utilizations (Zittrain, 2009). On the other hand, the Internet has been also used as an information-collecting tool. Reports by Pew Internet Project show that over 50 percent of adult Internet consumers utilized the Internet, most probably, for job-connected research. On any given day, nearly 16 percent of Internet consumers are online doing research. Ninety-four percent of youth ages 12-17 who have Internet access claim that they utiliz e the Internet for social research. Seventy-one percent of online teenagers assert that they utilized the Internet as a key source for their current major school project or report. The History of early medium of communication Example: Printed communication (i.e. books and newspapers), television, and radio According to Wyman( 2009) written communication flourished off developing technology, such like the discovery of paper and printing press. In fact, publishing media is the oldest type of mass media. This media includes newspapers, books and magazines. The conception of books is apparently not new. It is thought that the first ever book in the world was published and printed in 863 AD in China. Although it was the first book to be officially printed, many historians assert that books had been released way before this period. On the other hand, newspapers are not as well new. They were invented during the seventeenth century in Britain and by the nineteenth century were widespread m ass media. The publishing media is currently the only source of mass communication. However, there has been considerable fall in its prominence but yet is a very essential source of mass media among the massive masses (Zittrain, 2009). Even now, radio remain a very prevailing means of communication and there are numerous kinds of radio utilized by institutions and people for the purpose of conveying information. Radio is used to send messages through signals by commonly modulation and many other means. It is characteristically utilized institutions and person who are far way from each other but need to maintain a constant communication. The idea of the television developed from the concept of being capable of see an individual while interacting with him on the phone. The social, political, and technical forces that have sustained the dominance of the medium of communication. Example: military interest, media enthusiasm and public triumphs In the communications niche, Motorola brough t about innovation. In 1983, Motorola introduced the first industrial portable cell phone, known as Motorola DynaTac 8000X phone. This as a result transformed how the world communicates. The corporation was the pioneer for radio communications. In the year 1940 Motorola grew its first handheld radio, the Handie-Talkie transferable two-way radio, designed for the United States military. This was followed by increased production of two-way

Stress Related Factors in Different Types of Schooling Essay Example for Free

Stress Related Factors in Different Types of Schooling Essay Abstract The purpose of this research is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of students who attend on ground schools or online schools and to understand the cause and effect with different levels of stress in students who attend both types of schooling. Common stress in students who attend both types of schooling are feeling intense pressure to achieve high grades, trying to establish a romantic/social life, and dealing with the costs of college. Stress in college students can cause negative effects toward grades, health and relationships if it is not managed properly. The advantages and disadvantages of attending either school type depend on a student’s self-perception, personality, learning skills, weaknesses and strengths. A common advantage when attending an online school is that you are able to wear whatever you want, and set your own schedule. A common disadvantage when attending on ground school is rearranging your schedule to fit in and arrive to classes on time. Stress Related Factors in Different Types of Schooling Stress is the bodys way of rising to a challenge and preparing to meet a tough situation with focus, strength, stamina, and heightened alertness. Every individual will stress at some point in their lives. When dealing with education, there are several causes for a student to become stressed. No matter how you choose to obtain your education, stress is inevitable. There are two main ways to receive an education. A student can choose to attend school online, which consists of relying on technology to do research and complete assignments. Another alternative for a student to attend school is the most common among young students. A student can attend school on ground, which is also known as on campus, consists of having interactions with their instructors and peers. However, for each schooling type, the reasons for stress may differ: a student’s ability to handle or manage stress is based  on their personality, strengths, and weaknesses. With stress also come advantages and disa dvantages when attending both types of school. The stress involved in each type is determined more or less stressful based on how a student interprets and deals with the situation. On ground schooling allows for students to experience several situations and factors that could cause stress. This type of schooling involves face to face interaction with teachers and peers. The most common stressor for a student when faced with social interaction deals with social issues. Worry of making friends, fitting in, being judged, and or their appearance can cause a student to have stress which could result in low grades, participation, and attendance. Students that usually have issues with social interactions, usually benefit more when attending online classes. Going to school online has limited to no face to face interaction and allows anonymity. If a student is shy or unable to share an opinion because of time restraints in a traditional classroom, online courses make it possible for all students to participate in discussions. (College Atlas 2004-2011) A student that decides to attend online schooling may have less stress because the lack of social interaction, but could experience drawbacks with not having it as well. An online student receives little or no traditional participation and no interaction with the teacher or their peers. Students who learn by hands on or face to face interaction lose all of this when they take classes online since you can’t physical meet with you teacher or peers. (UK essays 2003) When a student has a question or needs an explanation, they do not have the benefit of simply raising a hand and instantly receiving an answer. Instead, an online student must either e-mail, post on a discussion board or if possible call the instructor. Students could determine whether working at their own pace or working by a set schedule is more beneficial to their learning skills. Depending on the student and their learning abilities, determines which type of schooling would better aid them. Online schooling is more seen to have a self-paced curriculum. An advantage to having a self-paced curriculum is flexibility which allows a student to set their own study time. This could mean after work, at night, before the kids get up, or during your lunch break. Even if you need to log in to the campus Web site at 3 a.m., youll still be able to complete your work. (Amy Brantley 2003-2012) When students follows a set schedule, many of them may find the  structure and regularity found at an on ground school beneficial, as opposed to a self-paced type of curriculum that makes up an online school program. (Degree Directory.org 2003-2012) Though, some students excel better with having set their own schedule this type of schooling allows for procrastination to be more common. When a student follows a set schedule, they are required to attend classes and turn in assignments on the dates and times given by their instructor. Depending on an individual’s preferred type of learning skill will determine which type of schedule is easier or more beneficial for them. When attending an on ground school, a student might be required to work in a group, participate in a class project, or contribute to a knowledge-building enterprise, uses dialogue, hands-on learning, or context. (Marcy Driscoll, 2011) Online schooling does not require a student to learn in these ways, seeing as they are only possible when being physically present. Instead, online students may be required to participate in discussions, complete lab work, or research information on the web. On ground schooling uses more learning activities that involve student and teacher interaction, whereas online schooling uses more independent activities. Choosing to attend school online requires having proper up to date technology and know-how of using this technology. (Education Portal 2003) Many schools offer tech help regarding their online classes and most do have basic help desk support available to distance learners having trouble with an online course or hardware. Failure to meet these requirements could cause stress for the student because their grade/s are given based on completion of the assignment/s. For example, not having internet access will affect your ability to turn in an assignment, which could result in a failing grade. When attending on ground schools, technology is not usually required in order to complete assignments. If and when it is, the technology is made available for use for the students. The advantage to having this technology offered to an on ground student is that there are people there who will help a student better understand how to use the technology if needed. There are different amounts of stress between on ground and online schooling that are primarily based on different forms of teaching and the different causes of stress in each type of schooling. These reasons differ from how a student is taught, how they study, how assignments are completed turned in and instances and occurrences they may encounter  when at school on ground or at school online. A way of doing something is considered stressful to one person, but may be considered less stressful to another. Organizing time, maintaining healthy habits, setting realistic goals, developing good coping mechanisms and seeking help if needed can help a student deal and manage stress when attending either online or on ground schools. References Tan, J., Yates, S., (2009, May 23) Academic Expectations as Sources of Stress in Asian Students Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezp00vi9.lirn.net/psychology/docview/887954857/13A9A6956F874EA0FDC/1?accountid=40833 Rukhsana, K., (2010) Perceived Stress, Academic Workloads and Use of Coping Strategies by University Students –Journal of Behavioral Sciences. Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com.ezp00vi9.lirn.net/psychology/docview/612887679/13A9A6956F874EA0FDC/2?accountid=40833 College Atlas ‘A World to a Higher Power’ (2004-2011) Retrieved from: http://www.collegeatlas.org/why-online-learning.html Advantages Disadvantages of Classroom Learning and Online classes (2003) Retrieved from: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/advantages-disadvantages-of-classroom-learning-and-online-classes-education-essay.php Brantley, A.,(2003-2012) Advantages and Disadvantages of Taking Classes Online Retrieved from: http://colleges.collegetoolkit.com/guides/onlinedegree/advantages_and_disadvantages_of_taking_clases_online.aspx What Are the Advantages of Campus-Based Education Vs. Online Education? (2003-2012) Retrieved From http://degreedirectory.org/articles/What_are_the_Advantages_of_Campus-Based_Education_vs_Online_Education.html

Relationship between extraversion and neuroticism and bullying

Relationship between extraversion and neuroticism and bullying My aim for this current study was to investigate whether there was a relationship between extraversion and neuroticism and bullying. In my opinion I think someone who has an extraversion and neuroticism personality that gets bullied will have an opposite side at the end of it. These are the two hypotheses for this  report, if there will be a relationship between extraversion scores and self reported  frequency of bullying in the last five years. And also, if there will be a relationship between neuroticism  scores and self reported frequency of bullying in the last five years. The experimenter wanted to find out if there is a relationship between extraversion and neuroticism and bullying in the last five years. The results have shown there was no connection; the importance of the work was to find out whether there was any relationship between the three variables. Next time of the experimenter should investigate again they should do it less than five years, they might be a better results. Introduction There are many researchers that have looked at the subject bullying that can link to their personalities. Personality is made up the characteristic patterns of feelings, thoughts and behaviour. This makes the person a unique person. Personality occurs from within the persons and remains fairly consistent throughout life. There are a number of different theories that have emerged to explain different aspects of personality. Some are focused on explaining how personality develops while others are concerned with the person in personality. There are major theories of personality projected by different psychologist such as Eysencks Three Dimensions of Personality, Gordon Allports Trait Theory, and the Five-Factor Theory of Personality. Eysencks Three Dimensions of Personality, his theory was biased on the three universal traits; introversion/extraversion, introversion includes attention on inner experiences while extraversion relates to attention outer on other people and the environment. When a person is high in introversion might be quit, shy and reserved while a person in high extraversion might be social able and outgoing. Neuroticism /Emotional Stability, this dimension of Eysencks theory is related to people who are moodiness, aggressive towards people. Neuroticism refers to an individual trend to become more upset and emotional while stability refers to the trend to remain emotionally stable. And psychoticism, Eysenck added this personality at the end to this trait theory. People who are high in this trait tend to have differently dealing with reality and may be hostile and manipulative. Lewis Goldberg projected a five dimension personality model, this is also known as the Big Five. His five personalities are Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. The big five is an important dimension of personality. Some personality researchers disagree that this list of major traits is the end. They have found two additional factors, excellent/ordinary and evil/decent but they are still not sure yet. Its a comprehensive, data driven research finding. It identifies the traits and structure of the humans personality this has been one of the goals in all of psychology. This personality typology has some phase of a trait theory. It explains peoples behaviour in terms of opposite fixed character. Bullying is a serious offence that anyone can make. This mostly happens is schools, workplaces, and on the streets. Some ways of bullying is by calling them names, not talking to them, hitting and kicking them, taking or damaging their things, etc. People that bully is to get attention or to make people afraid of them, others might be jealous of the person they are bullying because they might have been bullied themselves. Bullying can cause a serious side affect, it can changes someones personality and behaviour. It can make young people feel lonely, unhappy and frightened; they lose confidence and make them sick. There are three variables that are linked together which are extraversion, neuroticism and bullying. There are two types of personalities that people who are bullied are likely to be, which are extraversion and neuroticism. Extraversion is people who are loud, talkative, fun-loving and sociable. They take more part in activities that involve large social gathering such as community activities, parties, public demonstrations etc. An extroverted person is likely to enjoy time with people and find less reward in time spent alone. They tend to be eager around other people, and they are more prone to boredom when they are by themselves. As soon as they get bullied they are most likely to become quite, passive and introverted and they will have low self esteem. Those who are neuroticism has a personality trait, individuals who score high on neuroticism are more likely than the average to experience such feelings as anger, guilt, moody, depressed. They react more badly to environmental stre ss, and are more likely to take ordinary situations as threatening and minor frustration as hopelessly difficult. Neuroticism is related with low emotional intelligence which involves emotional system and interpersonal skills. But its a risk factor for mental disorder such as depression, panic attacks and phobia. Methods Participate There will be 119 psychology level one university students who participated in this experiment. There will be 89 females and 23 males voluntary participates that will be involved. The mean age of the participates is 21 years old. The standard deviation is 6.381 and the age range of the participates is 18-27 years old. Design A correlational design was used. Its a measuring between two variables which are extraversion and neuroticism. Where going to find out if the correlation is going to be negative or positive. Material/Apparatus There will be questionnaires given out to the students on an A4 paper. Procedure Participates be present at an experimental session were given full instructions about their task. The experimenter gave the questionnaires out to the individuals; it took them 20 minutes to fill in the answers. After they filled in the answers they gave it back to the experimenter. Participants were reminded of what to do before being presented with the word lists. BPS codes of ethics have to be proceeded at all times to hide the personal information. The BPS codes of ethics for this experiment is privacy, they need to keep the questionnaires data private and confidential. Results The relationship I found between extraversion scores and self reported frequency of bullying in the last five years had no correlation. It was found that the relationship between bullying for extraversion was not significantly correlational (R=127, p= 0.16, n= 119). Also the relationship I found between neuroticism scores and self reported frequency of bullying in the last five years. The results for neuroticism was shown it had no positive correlation (R= 0.14, p= 0.12, n= 119). The data collected showed no relationship between extraversion and bullying, or neuroticism and bullying in the last five years. Discussion The relationship between extraversion, neuroticism and bullying is a topic in psychology. It was hypothesised that participates who were bullied might have been extraversion people or neuroticism people. The results that were collected from this experiment didnt show any correlation and didnt support the hypothesis. The hypothesis was rejected in my opinion because there was no correlation found between the 3 variable this might be due to many reasons, such as the source of material for example the questionnaires, it might of not been accurate that reflected the individuals personality. Also, the participates may not have been honest, they would have got bored and just ticked any box. As Eysenck looked into the interaction of the two personalities and what they meant in the regard to various psychological problems. For example that people with phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorder be likely to be quite introverted, whereas people with conversion disorders or dissociative disorders tend to be more extraverted. Highly neuroticistic people over-respond to fearful stimuli; If they are introverts, they will learn to avoid the situations that cause panic very quickly and very thoroughly, even to the point of becoming panicky at small symbols of those situations they will develop phobias. Other introverts will learn (quickly and thoroughly) particular behaviours that hold off their panic such as checking things many times over or washing their hands again and again. The advantages for this report was there was quite a lot of volunteers taking part in the questionnaires, no one got offended with the questions that were given, and also there was no problem finding information about the theories as they were lots of information that was found. The disadvantages for this report was, it took time looking for the information what I needed. There wasnt much to explain about the results. In the future the areas that I would need to work on is, to find more resources such as journals. The experimenter should have chosen volunteers from other courses as well to prove that bullying can concern from everywhere. Reference section Matthew. G (2003), Personality Traits, University of Cambridge Press, 3-75 G.Neil Martin, Neil. R. Carlson, Willam Buskist, 2010

Developing a Blue Ocean Strategy

Developing a Blue Ocean Strategy Introduction Currently many companies have to face the challenge of competing with steadily increased competition in their industries. This high amount of competition often leads to a high cost and price pressure which usually results in low margins for the companies. These markets are called the red oceans. One possibility to break out of these red oceans and to increase the margins for the company can be handled by creating a Blue Ocean. Such a Blue Ocean is a market space where the competition is irrelevant. Aim The aim of this paper is to explain how to create such a Blue Ocean and to discuss the degree of novelty of the Blue Ocean strategy. On the one hand this will be done by explaining the belonging theory. On the other hand two cases of innovative companies will be described and analyzed on basis of the Blue Ocean strategy. Blue Ocean Strategy Concept The market set is divided into two categories which are called oceans: Blue Oceans and red oceans. Red oceans are the known market space as it exists today, with all the various industries. Competitive rules are defined and barriers are clear and accepted. Competition exists among players to gain a bigger share; the more players are on the market, the fewer prospects for profit and growth is existent. Cutthroat competition turns the red ocean bloody.  [3]   Blue Oceans on the other hand represent the opposite they are the unknown market space with industries that are not existent today. Demand is not created by competitive rivalry, because the rules of the game are yet to be set. There is substantial opportunity for profitable growth because of the deep potential of market space that is not yet explored.  [4]   To be successful in economic performance most companies are laying the focus on competitive strategies, plenty of enthusiasm is spend on analyzing and outperforming rivals. Using the vocabulary of the authors their focus is on red ocean strategies. In the future this will not be enough to survive; in addition to swim in a red ocean companies need to create Blue Oceans.  [5]  The following image illustrates the major differences between red and Blue Oceans. Image 1: Comparison of Red Ocean with Blue Ocean strategy  [6]   Value Innovation The basis of the Blue Ocean Strategy is called Value Innovation. Competition is made irrelevant by creating value for both buyers and the company. Buyer value is created by the benefit and price that the company offers to the consumer; value to the company is created from the price and its cost structure therefore only if those two variables are aligned the strategy works. The innovation of a product/ service must create value for the market and eliminate features that are not valued by the current market. New and uncontested market space is made accessible by simultaneously differentiate and reducing costs. This strategy is contrary to common management strategies which propose that companies can either create value to customers at higher costs or create reasonable value at lower costs.  [7]  According to the authors Value Innovation is a strategy that embraces the entire system of a companys activities.  [8]  Image 2 illustrates Value Innovation. Image 2: Value Innovation  [9]   Analytical tools and framework There are three basic tools that will help companies to build a Blue Ocean Strategy. The strategy canvas The strategy canvas is a tool that helps to build a Blue Ocean Strategy. It highlights the current situation in the known market space and shows the offering level that buyers receive across several key competing factors. By illustrating these factors in a simple matrix a graphic description in form of a value curve is visible. This value curve shows a companys relative performance within its industrys factors of competition.  [10]  By illustrating the current situation of an industry the strategic focus can be shifted away from current competition to alternatives and noncustomers, a redefinition of the industry can be constructed.  [11]  Image 3 illustrates a strategy canvas with an example of an Airline. Image 3: Strategy Canvas  [12]   The four actions framework This tool uses four key questions to lead to a new value curve: Which of the factors that the industry takes for granted should be eliminated? Which factors should be reduced well below the industrys standard? Which factors should be raised well above the industrys standard? Which factors should be created that the industry has never offered?  [13]   The first two questions give an insight in how to reduce the cost structure in comparison to other players in the industry. Question 3 and 4 give insight into how to lift buyer value and create new demand.  [14]   The eliminate-reduce-raise-create-grid This tool is supplementary to the four actions framework. It gives companies the possibility to act on all four questions answered before to create new value. The four factors of what to eliminate, reduce, raise and create are put in a matrix and by that scrutinize every factor the industry competes on.  [15]   Formulating Blue Oceans strategies Reconstruct market boundaries In order to break away from the competition the first principle is to reconstruct market boundaries. The challenge is to find possibilities of Blue Ocean opportunities. During performing research across various industry sectors the authors found a basic approach to remaking market boundaries, the six path framework.  [16]  This framework is applicable in all kinds of industries and all are based on looking at data from a new perspective. These are the six paths: Path 1: Look across alternative industries Path 2: Look across strategic groups within industries Path 3: Look across the chain of buyers Path 4: Look across complimentary product and service offerings Path 5: Look across functional or emotional appeal to buyers Path 6: Look across time  [17]   By analyzing each of the single paths companies will be able to get an insight into how to open up Blue Oceans by rebuilding market realities and leave behind conventional boundaries of competition.  [18]   Focus on the big pictures, not the numbers The approach to the strategic planning process is based on drawing a strategy canvas, as it is explained in the section of analytical tools and framework of this document. A structured process for developing a strategy canvas has been developed, which is called the Visualizing Strategy.  [19]  As the name implies, this process uses visual stimulation with the purpose to unlock peoples creativity. The main focus here is laid on the big picture rather than on defined numbers and operational details.  [20]   Reach beyond existing demand To achieve a maximization of the size of the Blue Ocean you are creating the focus should be laid on two things: The analysis of non-customers and finding out strong similarities of what buyers value.  [21]  This is a reversed approach to common strategies, where the focus is on customers and customer differences. The three tiers of non customers The challenge is to find out who the non-customers are and get a deep understanding of them. The authors describe three tiers of non-customers that eventually can be transformed into customers. The first tier of non-customers is closest to your market and would stay and increase their frequency of purchases if a leap in value would be offered to them. These non-customers also referred to as soon-to-be.  [22]  The second tier of non-customers is further away from your market and aware of offerings in it but has consciously voted against them. These non-customers are also referred to as refusing.  [23]  The third tier of non-customers is farthest from your market and has never considered its offerings as an option. These non customers are also referred to as unexplored.  [24]   By analyzing each of the three tiers an understanding of the non-customers can be developed to attract them into your market and expand your Blue Ocean.  [25]   Get the strategic sequence right The fourth principle of Blue Ocean Strategy focuses on the challenge to build a sustainable business model that will make profit on your Blue Ocean idea. The idea here is to use sequences and key criteria within a sequence to reduce business model risk.  [26]  Each sequence has a key question that has to be asked. If answered with no the sequence has to be reshaped. If answered with yes one can move on to the next sequence. The four sequences are: Buyer utility: Is there exceptional buyer utility in your business idea? Price: Is your price easy accessible to the mass of buyers? Cost: Can you attain your cost target to profit at your strategic price? Adoption: What are the adoption hurdles in actualizing your business idea? Are you addressing them up front?  [27]   With this sequencing as a starting point further analyzing of strategic pricing, target costing and finally the profit model is developed.  [28]   Executing Blue Ocean Strategy Overcome key organizational hurdles The challenge to execute the strategy of Blue Oceans is significant, since there are changes made from the conventional way of doing things. The authors present four common hurdles in the execution: The cognitive-, political-, motivational- and resource hurdle. Dealing with those challenges in form of hurdles with tipping point leadership is the key to make Blue Ocean Strategy happen in action.  [29]   Build execution into strategy The sixth principle of the Blue Ocean Strategy is about building commitment and trust into the strategy from the start. The focus is laid on a fair process as a key variable that distinguishes successful Blue Ocean Strategy moves from those that failed.  [30]   Case analysis In this section, we intend to describe and analize two cases of innovative companies (Virgin Galactic and Petrobras) based on the Blue Ocean theory. Virgin Galactic Description of Virgin Galactic Virgin Galactic is a company which belongs to the Virgin Group. This group was founded 1970 by Sir Richard Branson and is one of the leading brand venture capital organizations of the world. The group has created more than 300 branded companies in a variety of different industries, employs around 50,000 people and generated revenue of approx. US$ 18 billion in the year 2009.  [31]  Based on them the success of this group derives from the power of the Virgin name, Richard Bransons personal reputation; our unrivalled network of friends, contacts and partners; the Virgin management style; the way talent is empowered to flourish within the group.  [32]   The Virgin Galactic company has the aim of making private space travel available to everyone by creating the worlds first commercial spaceline.  [33]  Virgin Galactic will create, own and operate spaceships, the SpaceShipTwo. To achieve this goal the Virgin Group uses it experiences in aviation, adventure and luxury travel combining with the technology developed by Burt Rutan. The company was founded in the year 2004 and is located in New Mexico. The SpaceShipOne became the first private spaceship with high altitude-flights in the year 2004. The successor of this technology, the SpaceShipTwo, has seats for two pilots and six passengers. Every passenger has to pay US$200.000 with a deposit ofUS$20,000. At the moment 340 passengers have registered for this service.  [34]  So far 450 people have ever been to space, the goal of Virgin Galactic is to take 1,000 people to space within the first year of commercial operation.  [35]  The first commercial flight shall start in the year 2012.  [36]   The mothership of the SpaceShipTwo, the WhiteKnightTwo, will take the SpaceShipTwo to a height of about 16km and then release it. At that point the rockets of the SpaceShipTwo will boost and bring it to a height of about 100km.  [37]  There it will fly for about five minutes in which the passengers have a magnificent view at the earth and can enjoy weightlessness. Afterwards the space ship will decrease the altitude and land at its base in New Texas. The first flying tests of the WhiteKnightTwo were executed successfully and the SpaceShipTwo completed the first manned glide flight in October 2010.  [38]   At current stage the company Blue Origin which is based close to Seattle is also working on a private space ship.  [39]   Analysis of Virgin Galactic The analysis will start by discussing the Value Innovation of Virgin Galactic. So far tourism in space was available for seven specific persons who paid in average US$ 25 million for staying about 14 days at the ISS.  [40]  The clear buyer benefit of Virgin Galactic is to make this tourism available for nearly everybody who can afford paying the US$200,000 which is less than 1% of the price so far. Moreover, these space trips also add value to Virgin Galactic as it will earn US$200,000 for every passenger having already 340 on the waiting list. Virgin Galactic clearly succeeded in creating a Value Innovation. In the following the strategy canvas for Virgin Galactic will be developed to see the value curve in comparison to its competitor the stay at the ISS.  [41]   As principal factors the following was defined: price, safety, request for personal attributes and easy preparation for the trip.  [42]  As seen in image one the Virgin Galactic company enables a much more comfortable and convenient stay as the previous tourism on the ISS. This is also based on the lower requirements a person has to fulfill to be able to execute this tourism and the lower time-investment. Image 4: Strategy Canvas of Virgin Galactic  [43]   Considering the four action framework Virgin Galactic reduced the costs by eliminated the factors that a stay in space has to be combined with a long duration and cost-intensive stay at the ISS and with cost-intensive rocket starts. Furthermore, they created the factor that nearly everybody would be able (from physical requirements  [44]  ) to go to space with a low time-investment and a comparably low amount of money. They increased the convenience of space-tourisms to a very high extent. In conclusion, they managed to dramatically reduce the costs while increasing the perceived value of the passengers which are interested in some minutes of weightlessness and seeing the earth from the space. Virgin Galactic also concentrated on the so called non-customers as the total number of customers was seven so far. They identified the implicit wish of most people to go to space once. Organizational hurdles The cognitive hurdle cannot be applied as Virgin Galactic did not start in a red ocean but directly entered the Blue Ocean with the start of the company. The hurdle resources will probably be not a big burden as the first flying tests went successful, customers on the waiting list already paid close to US$7 million as deposit and Sheikh Mansour invested US$280 million in this business.  [45]  Furthermore, the Virgin Group and the state of New Mexico are supporting this business. The motivation of the employees and managers is high which is also pushed by Richard Branson personal interest in the success of this company.  [46]  The political hurdle could be implemented by making new laws for required safety standards. But already in 2004 the US congress passed a law which allows passengers to fly into space with the understanding that these vehicles might not be as safe as regular airplanes. Furthermore, the governor of New Mexico supports this company  [47]  and the Virgin group has a high political power. In conclusion all the hurdles were passed successfully by Virgin Gallactic. Build execution into strategy From the beginning Richard Branson declared the vision of this company to make private space travel year 2004. Conclusion In final conclusion, Virgin Galactic entered a Blue Ocean from the beginning. It decreased the costs and made space travel available to everyone by creating the worlds first commercial spaceline. Virgin Galactic works towards this clear vision with having the first commercial flights very likely eight years after its foundation in the previous tourism in space and increased the value of it by leveraging especially the convenience for the customers. Moreover, it went beyond known customer space by offering this service for less than 1% of the costs so far. It managed the organizational hurdles and created a strong vision from the start. Although other companies as e.g. Blue Origin try to create space tourisms this ocean is deep blue so far for Virgin Galactic. Petrobras Description of Petrobras Petrobras was established on October 3, 1953 by the president of Brazil, Getà ºlio Vargas, to undertake oil sector activities in the country. In the early 1970s, the members of the Organization of the Oil Exporting Countries (OPEC) rose the international prices substantially, triggering the so-called Oil Shock. As a result, the market was troubled and marked by uncertainty. In order to overcome the difficulties, the Brazilian government adopted economic measures in order to overcome the supply of oil. Some examples of these measures were the encouragement for use of ethanol as automotive fuel and prioritizing offshore exploration and production. With the measures, the government intended to reduce the dependency on importing a very expensive product and to create an industry to create jobs and exports. These tasks where given to Petrà ³leo Brasileiro (Petrobras) for being executed.  [48]   Producing ethanol for powering the nation 1975 marks the beginning of the production of Ethanol by Petrobras in Brazil aiming to drive the large-scale substitution of oil based vehicular fuels for biofuels. Substituting gasoline for ethanol (produced from sugarcane and manioc) led to 10 million fewer gasoline fuel cars running in Brazil, reducing the countrys dependence on imported oil.  [49]   Today Brazil is recognized as the world leader in the production of ethanol for industrial purposes, based on the most advanced agricultural technology for sugarcane cultivation in the world and to the amount of arable land available in the country. In 2010, the Brazilian ethanol produced by Petrobras was designated as one of the most advanced biofuels due to the 61% reduction of green house gas emissions.  [50]   Pioneering in deep waters In 1984 the company discovered one of the biggest reserve in deep water ever registered in the world. The Albacora field was discovered; proving the existence of giant fields nestled at great depth in Brazil. This marked the beginning in deepwater exploration for the company. By 1986 the company, which until then purchased technology, was faced with the challenge of producing oil at a depth of 400 meters. After surveying the market and finding out there was no technology available for this depth, the company decided to invest in developing new technologies. This was an extremely ambitious project, since, at the time, Petrobras had been exploring at depths of 150 meters and had plans for 1000 meters by 1990. This project turned out to be a great success and the company is currently the global leader in this area. By 2005, Petrobras sets the record of drilling depth with a sloped that reached 6915 meters beyond the bottom of the sea.  [51]   Petrobras achieves self sufficiency In 2006 Brazil became a self-sufficient country in oil and gas production. With an average of 1.9 million barrels per day, Brazil went on to exporting more oil and oil products than it imported. It was like a dream came true, only possible because of the technological efforts and dedication of the employees. Since this point, Petrobras is the most profitable company in the Brazilian economy, being recognized as the eighth biggest oil exploring company in the world.  [52]   In the upcoming years, Petrobras intends to invest in using and developing new renewable energy sources. The portfolio of new projects includes wind, solar and water energy sources and fuel hydrogen. The intention is to reduce even more the dependency on oil, delivering the necessary energy sources to Brazil in order to sustain the intended growth of the upcoming years. Analysis of Petrobas Petrobras success can be summed up in one word and that word is innovation. This company faced the challenge of turning one of the biggest countries in the Americas from a big consumer of imported oil to self sufficient in oil and gas production. This strategy was based on focusing on the big picture (producing its own oil and become an exporter of petroleum) rather than finding a temporary solution for importing oil in the 70s, when the biggest crisis of oil prices occurred. Value Innovation They broke away from the competition by reconstructing market boundaries. For each challenge they faced, they were able to create and develop the necessary technology that didnt exist in the market, becoming a leader in deepwater oil drilling. They reached beyond their existing demand by having more oil available than they need for their own consumption. They also created value to the country by reducing the amount of CO2 in 61% emitted by cars and public transportation thanks to the introduction to ethanol and biodiesel. Brazil became a more efficient country thanks to the use of their natural resources for powering the nation. By mixing ethanol with oil, Petrobras has managed to increase the value for customers by creating a reduction of oil prices  [53]  and by guaranteeing the oil supply they reduced the dependency on foreign companies. Strategy canvas We have decided to explain the differences between the two largest producers of Ethanol in the world, Brazil and U.S.A. As we have mentioned before, Petrobras is the only company responsible for the production and distribution of ethanol in Brazil. Image 5: Stragegy Canvas Petrobas  [54]   As we can see in the figure xx, Brazil is the second largest producer of Ethanol in the world (6,500 million gallons in 2009  [55]  ) behind the United States (10,900 million gallons in 2009  [56]  ). But, the total area used by Brazil for cultivating their sugar cane (3.6 million hectares  [57]  by 2006) is far less than the land used by the United States (10 million hectares  [58]  in 2006). This means that the productivity per hectare is superior in Brazil than in the United States. Another important thing to mention is that thanks to the mixture of Ethanol and oil in Brazil, green house gas reduction has been reduced considerably (89%  [59]  ), increasing the value the company gives to their customers. Organizational hurdles The hurdles are based on the theory mentioned in the first section of this project. During the oil crisis of the 70s, the company faced the challenge of completely changing the paradigm of production. In the cognitive hurdle, we can say that the employees understood completely the need of the company and were able to transform the company. In the second hurdle resources, we can say that the company successfully understood that they needed to invest a great amount of resources in RD in order to increase the efficiency of the production of ethanol and also to raise the drilling depth for oil extraction. Motivating employees on a thirty-year-old project has been an enormous challenge for the company. They have managed to succeed by achieving small goals each year, increasing the level of satisfaction and trust towards the leadership of the company. Finally, the political hurdle was managed correctly due to the implications of the transformation project, involving the government, the management and employees of the company. Build execution into strategy As we mentioned before, the strategy was clear from the beginning: Reduce the dependency of oil and turn the country into a self-sufficient country. The facts speak for themselves, the whole company aligned in order to achieve the goal and it is an example on how to implement the Blue Ocean strategy. Conclusion So, why can the strategy of Petrobras be considered a Blue Ocean strategy? First of all they focused on creating value for the country by reducing the amount of oil imported and gaining self-sufficiency. As a consequence, they were able to reduce considerably the prices of gasoline in Brazil and the dependency of external factors to develop the country. They achieved this goal by innovating in ways to reduce consumption of oil (alternative fuels like ethanol and biodiesel) and exploit the potential the country had in its coasts, regardless the technology available at the times. In the last twenty years, Petrobras has become a key player in the success of Brazil to achieve development. The upcoming years for this company look really bright, thanks to the investment they are doing on other alternative means to produce electricity (water, solar and wind), improve the efficiency of alternative fuels and by creating the necessary technology for increa

Coopers Chingachgook :: essays papers

Coopers Chingachgook The Death of Chingachgook as the Apogee of the tragedy of the Indian Nation in Cooper^s The Pioneers The Pioneers, written by James Fenimore Cooper in 1823 opens the popular series of books about the adventures of an inhabitant of the New England forests Natty Bampo ^ a white man, a scout, and a hunter. However, the novelist does not merely narrate the life of Natty, his main aim is to present the whole situation on the Eastern Coast of America in the seventeenth century. In The Pioneers, in particular, Cooper writes about the new settlers in America, about their conquest of the lands, and about the tragic extinction of the Indian people, who had been proud owners of the lands of America. One of the most important moments in this book, and even in the whole cycle, is the scene of the death of Natty Bampo^s best friend Chingachgook, the last representative of the Indian tribe of Mohicans. In this scene the author presents his most important ideas about the vices of the new settlers, hypocrisy of Christianity, and the tragedy of the native inhabitants of the American lands. C! ooper actually makes the death of the Mohican sound as a final chord in the calamitous history of the Indian people, who under the onslaught of European civilization are doomed to disappear. He makes the dying Indian chief a symbol for his perishing nation, presenting him at the last minutes of his life in his national costume and believing in the Indian morals and gods. Moreover, by misspelling his name on the gravestone, Cooper redoubles the tragic implication that after the death of Chingachgook his culture is forgotten and lost, and a meaningful Indian name loses its importance for the white people who come to live in the formally Indian forests. Towards the end of The Pioneers the tragic story about the Indians who were expelled from their lands by the white Europeans, reaches its apogee. The scene of the Chingachgook^s dying is full of sadness, pain, and hopelessness. In a very meaningful way Cooper presents his Indian hero on the threshold of death, sitting "on a trunk of a fallen oak" (p.381). Thus he hints at the identity between the old chief and the tree, implying that once young and strong they both are now old and lifeless. Moreover, as the fallen tree is now disconnected from the company of the strong young forest mates, thus also Chingachgook with his "tawny visage" (p.381) is lonely among the liveliness of the newly established colonies. So Cooper writes that in place of the once virgin forests where the

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Essay -- essays research papers

What do you understand by the phrase â€Å"stakeholder analysis†? Attempt a stakeholder analysis of an organisation that you are closely associated with. Introduction Stakeholder analysis is important for successful implementation of projects and/or strategic activities within any organisation. It is used to analyse the stakeholders in order to understand them and classify them according to their power, influence and interest. Stakeholders are people who have an interest in a commercial entity including those within the organisation and outside. These include the boss, senior executives, customers, suppliers, government, your co-workers, the team and others. All these people are important in the implementation and success of strategy. The tool stakeholder analysis is used to: - †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identify people or groups and institutions that will influence your initiative †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anticipate the kind of influence, positive or negative, these groups will have on your initiative †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Develop strategies to get the most effective support possible for your initiative and reduce any obstacles to successful implementation of your program. The following are steps that may be followed in using stakeholder analysis: INDENTFY THE STAKEHOLDERS There is need to think of all people who are to be affected by the project or strategy, those who have influence or power over it or have an interest in its successful or unsuccessful conclusion. Stake holders for Delta corporation include:-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government departments( Zimra, RBZ, Min of industry trade and commerce, ministry of sports and culture)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Municipal authorities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Standards association   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Customers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employees   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trade union   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  National employment council   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Directors and shareholders   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suppliers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The community and the public   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My family and extended family   &... ...nbsp;  Ã‚  Who else might be influenced by their opinions? Do these people become stakeholders in their own right? Talking directly to the stakeholders will help answer most of these key questions. For IT projects meeting the key stakeholders in a forum to review progress on the project is key to its success. Therefore a well drawn up project plan will ensure that there is enough representation of the stakeholders at the regular project review meetings. Identify those stakeholders that may try to bring to a halt or slowdown the successful implementation of the project. CONCLUSION In any project it is important to do a stakeholder analysis in order to be able to identify the stakeholders and prioritise them by power and their interest to the success of the strategy or project. Once you identify them there is need to fully understand what motivates them in this project and what might be done to get their much needed support, thereby reducing obstacles to successful implementation. There maybe need to dangle carrots in order to get buy in from key stake holders. Incentives and rewards goes a long way in motivating other stakeholders to get results oriented effort.

Course Syllabus

In order to prepare for this intensive weekend of work you are encouraged to: Read the course syllabus. You may want to bring a hard copy to the first day of class. There is substantial reading associated with the classes to be covered during the residence weekend. You should try to at least scan the relevant chapters in the text for the classes before the residence. It will be helpful to scan some of the early required readings before the residence to minimize the workload during the residence. In brief, prepare as much as possible for time will be scarce during the residence.The focus should be on gaining a basic understanding of the topics to be covered, and NOT on trying to memorize all of the concepts that will be discussed. This will enhance your learning and reduce the strain on you during the residence weekend. Am looking forward to our time together. David Bess Text: Essentials of Organizational Behavior by Stephen Robbins and Timothy Judge. This text covers the essentials o f what we will be covering in class. A supplemental resource is: Occupational Outlook Handbook [8 January' 2014] This is a HRS resource that may be of interest.It is for your information only and is not required. Http://vim. Bells. Gob/ooh/ Students will also be required to take the DiSC PRIOR TO RESIDENCE WEEKEND. Instructions will be forthcoming electronically. You should bring a printout of the report to class on Saturday morning of residence week. Office Hours: am generally in my office each day from and always the hour before class. You can drop by or call†¦ Or arrange a specific appointment by phone or e-mail. Lima: The syllabus, Powering slides, readings, and other materials are on the Class Lima site.Students should review this resource to prepare for classes. Disability Access Students with disabilities are encouraged to contact the KOKI-IA Program for information and services. Seen,'ices are confidential and students are not charged for them. Contact KUAKA at 956-7511 (voice/text), [email  protected] Du, or Student Services Center, Room 13. Course Objectives: To provide students with an advanced knowledge of management and organizational behavior and the role of Human Resources. This includes increasing the knowledge about individuals' personalities, motivations, etc. ND how they are best utilized in an organizational setting with special focus on groups and teams and the role of leadership. Students will also gain an appreciation of how such concepts as organizational design and culture are utilized in undertaking organization change. Special issues such as diversity in the workplace, ethics, and social responsibility will be addressed, as will the overarching topic of the global dimensions of the competitive environment. The focus of the course will be in the application of these concepts as they relate to Human Resources professionals and their special role in organizations.Learning Outcomes: Gain an understanding of the relevance of a glob al society, cultural sensitivity ND knowledge and the utilization of this knowledge by leaders. Gain an appreciation of personality/individual differences and utilization of this knowledge in better understanding ourselves and in leading and motivating others. Gain an understanding of the use of teamwork and how to improve team effectiveness. Gain an understanding of the concepts of power and how they relate to the development and use of leadership skills.Gain an understanding of effective communication concepts to improve both personal and organizational communications. Gain an understanding of leadership concepts and how to use them in various situations. Promote critical thinking using the concepts and skills/knowledge in managing both your professional and personal lives. Gain an understanding of the concepts of conflict and decision making and how they can be utilized in organizational settings. Gain an understanding and use Of the strategic utilization Of human resources manag ement.Course Procedures: The course will utilize a combination of lectures, class presentations and discussions, videos, experiential and non-experiential exercises, all of which dictate both attendance and participation in all class meetings. Some exercises will require pre-class work. Student oral and written reports will add to the learning experience of both the individual as well as the other members of the class. Students are expected to have read the materials from the text and the required articles for each class as stipulated in the course schedule.Students are then encouraged to read selections from the outside readings that appear to be most applicable to their individual situation/interests. Students are also expected to have prepared the appropriate self-assessments/cases/activities for class before class commences. Further, the professor will make available to the students set of Powering slides on each topic, on the class CD. Students are encouraged to bring hard copi es of the slides (probably best in the three or six slides per page format) with them to class for note-taking purposes.Course Requirements: End of Class Discussion Notes (Group): At the end of each most classes we will break into groups and discuss applications of the concepts covered in that session. The class time is to be augmented with group meetings outside of class. The purpose is to discuss the concepts covered and see how they may be utilized differently in different organizations. At least three pages of Ritter notes should be recorded at each session and submitted to the instructor as indicated in the course syllabus.The quality of these discussions as reflected in the notes is a critical part of the course. Note that these notes will also serve as input into your individual Reflective Notes. Notes on sessions 1-7 will be due at the beginning of our September 3rd class. Notes on sessions 8, 9 and 10 will be due at the beginning of class on September 10th. Notes on session s 11 – 12 will be due on at the beginning of class September 24th. Reflective Notes (Individual): Students will turn in two sets of reflective notes f readings, speakers, and topics covered in classes.These are designed to help you integrate the materials from class into your personal/professional lives to make the topics directly â€Å"relevant† to you. In essence, they are an opportunity for you to tell yourself â€Å"What I learned from these sessions, videos, exercises, readings, etc. That can use in my organization. † As you can imagine, applications will differ from organization to organization. To increase learning you must include in these notes comparisons with applications in at least two other organizations of your classmates†¦ ICC you will learn via the End Of Class Discussion Notes experience. This will be discussed in class. RAN#I on sessions 1-7 is due Wednesday September 3rd, and RAN#2 on sessions 8 – 10 is due September 10th. Paper # 1 (Individual): Each student will read What Got You Here Won't Get You There and then write a comprehensive paper on how you can apply the concepts to your professional development. At a minimum you will address the 21 habits in Section Two, and then apply Section Three. In doing this you will focus on how you can utilize the concepts in developing your leadership attention.References to past work experience are useful. This will be discussed in class. The paper is due on Wednesday, September 17th. Paper #2: Team Project: The class will be divided into groups of approximately 5. Each group will select an organization. The group will then analyze the changing environment of that organization, and study the changes that are taking place inside the organization, with a special focus on the changing demands on the Human Resources function/practices. The output will be a written report and discussion in class on Wednesday, September 24th.While a formal class presentation will not be requ ired, each team should be prepared to present their major/most interesting findings. ) Details of this project will be discussed in class. Paper #3: Individual Integrative Paper: The Group Project will enable the students to observe how other organizations operate, and to discuss differences among their organizations as well as the organization studied. Each student will write this third, related, paper in which comparisons of the target organization for the Group Project and team members organizations are compared to the individual's organization.Students will relate what they have learned, and provide insights into how what they have learned from that paper and how the contents of this course can be utilized to improve operations in their own organizations. Special focus should be on the HRS function/operations. Due Wednesday, September 24th. Details of this project will be discussed in class. Note: For all written reports, critical thinking, creativity, and accuracy are the keys. In addition, the papers should be: 1. Well organized, including an introduction and conclusions. 2.Grammatically correct 3. Typed in Times New Roman #12 font. 4. Single spaced. 5. Two sided printing is preferred to save paper. 6. Good documentation (bibliography, and footnotes as appropriate). But in writing the reflective notes bibliography/footnotes not required for the required readings. 7. Appropriate use Of charts and diagrams. 8. Neat and properly presented. Pages numbered and stapled together. Plagiarism is prohibited and will result in a failing grade. All direct quotes should note the source, and any significant paraphrasing should be noted.If students have any doubts as to what constitutes plagiarism I suggest studying websites on this subject. Some good ones can be found at: http:// sibs. Tama. Du/Eden/plagiarism. HTML. I grade from the assumption that everyone earns a â€Å"B,† satisfactory completion of the work, unless the individual â€Å"distinguishes† her/himself in a positive, or negative, manner. Grades will be determined as follows: In order to earn an A for the course all written work must be graded A and class participation must be graded B+ or better. Course Syllabus In order to prepare for this intensive weekend of work you are encouraged to: Read the course syllabus. You may want to bring a hard copy to the first day of class. There is substantial reading associated with the classes to be covered during the residence weekend. You should try to at least scan the relevant chapters in the text for the classes before the residence. It will be helpful to scan some of the early required readings before the residence to minimize the workload during the residence. In brief, prepare as much as possible for time will be scarce during the residence.The focus should be on gaining a basic understanding of the topics to be covered, and NOT on trying to memorize all of the concepts that will be discussed. This will enhance your learning and reduce the strain on you during the residence weekend. Am looking forward to our time together. David Bess Text: Essentials of Organizational Behavior by Stephen Robbins and Timothy Judge. This text covers the essentials o f what we will be covering in class. A supplemental resource is: Occupational Outlook Handbook [8 January' 2014] This is a HRS resource that may be of interest.It is for your information only and is not required. Http://vim. Bells. Gob/ooh/ Students will also be required to take the DiSC PRIOR TO RESIDENCE WEEKEND. Instructions will be forthcoming electronically. You should bring a printout of the report to class on Saturday morning of residence week. Office Hours: am generally in my office each day from and always the hour before class. You can drop by or call†¦ Or arrange a specific appointment by phone or e-mail. Lima: The syllabus, Powering slides, readings, and other materials are on the Class Lima site.Students should review this resource to prepare for classes. Disability Access Students with disabilities are encouraged to contact the KOKI-IA Program for information and services. Seen,'ices are confidential and students are not charged for them. Contact KUAKA at 956-7511 (voice/text), [email  protected] Du, or Student Services Center, Room 13. Course Objectives: To provide students with an advanced knowledge of management and organizational behavior and the role of Human Resources. This includes increasing the knowledge about individuals' personalities, motivations, etc. ND how they are best utilized in an organizational setting with special focus on groups and teams and the role of leadership. Students will also gain an appreciation of how such concepts as organizational design and culture are utilized in undertaking organization change. Special issues such as diversity in the workplace, ethics, and social responsibility will be addressed, as will the overarching topic of the global dimensions of the competitive environment. The focus of the course will be in the application of these concepts as they relate to Human Resources professionals and their special role in organizations.Learning Outcomes: Gain an understanding of the relevance of a glob al society, cultural sensitivity ND knowledge and the utilization of this knowledge by leaders. Gain an appreciation of personality/individual differences and utilization of this knowledge in better understanding ourselves and in leading and motivating others. Gain an understanding of the use of teamwork and how to improve team effectiveness. Gain an understanding of the concepts of power and how they relate to the development and use of leadership skills.Gain an understanding of effective communication concepts to improve both personal and organizational communications. Gain an understanding of leadership concepts and how to use them in various situations. Promote critical thinking using the concepts and skills/knowledge in managing both your professional and personal lives. Gain an understanding of the concepts of conflict and decision making and how they can be utilized in organizational settings. Gain an understanding and use Of the strategic utilization Of human resources manag ement.Course Procedures: The course will utilize a combination of lectures, class presentations and discussions, videos, experiential and non-experiential exercises, all of which dictate both attendance and participation in all class meetings. Some exercises will require pre-class work. Student oral and written reports will add to the learning experience of both the individual as well as the other members of the class. Students are expected to have read the materials from the text and the required articles for each class as stipulated in the course schedule.Students are then encouraged to read selections from the outside readings that appear to be most applicable to their individual situation/interests. Students are also expected to have prepared the appropriate self-assessments/cases/activities for class before class commences. Further, the professor will make available to the students set of Powering slides on each topic, on the class CD. Students are encouraged to bring hard copi es of the slides (probably best in the three or six slides per page format) with them to class for note-taking purposes.Course Requirements: End of Class Discussion Notes (Group): At the end of each most classes we will break into groups and discuss applications of the concepts covered in that session. The class time is to be augmented with group meetings outside of class. The purpose is to discuss the concepts covered and see how they may be utilized differently in different organizations. At least three pages of Ritter notes should be recorded at each session and submitted to the instructor as indicated in the course syllabus.The quality of these discussions as reflected in the notes is a critical part of the course. Note that these notes will also serve as input into your individual Reflective Notes. Notes on sessions 1-7 will be due at the beginning of our September 3rd class. Notes on sessions 8, 9 and 10 will be due at the beginning of class on September 10th. Notes on session s 11 – 12 will be due on at the beginning of class September 24th. Reflective Notes (Individual): Students will turn in two sets of reflective notes f readings, speakers, and topics covered in classes.These are designed to help you integrate the materials from class into your personal/professional lives to make the topics directly â€Å"relevant† to you. In essence, they are an opportunity for you to tell yourself â€Å"What I learned from these sessions, videos, exercises, readings, etc. That can use in my organization. † As you can imagine, applications will differ from organization to organization. To increase learning you must include in these notes comparisons with applications in at least two other organizations of your classmates†¦ ICC you will learn via the End Of Class Discussion Notes experience. This will be discussed in class. RAN#I on sessions 1-7 is due Wednesday September 3rd, and RAN#2 on sessions 8 – 10 is due September 10th. Paper # 1 (Individual): Each student will read What Got You Here Won't Get You There and then write a comprehensive paper on how you can apply the concepts to your professional development. At a minimum you will address the 21 habits in Section Two, and then apply Section Three. In doing this you will focus on how you can utilize the concepts in developing your leadership attention.References to past work experience are useful. This will be discussed in class. The paper is due on Wednesday, September 17th. Paper #2: Team Project: The class will be divided into groups of approximately 5. Each group will select an organization. The group will then analyze the changing environment of that organization, and study the changes that are taking place inside the organization, with a special focus on the changing demands on the Human Resources function/practices. The output will be a written report and discussion in class on Wednesday, September 24th.While a formal class presentation will not be requ ired, each team should be prepared to present their major/most interesting findings. ) Details of this project will be discussed in class. Paper #3: Individual Integrative Paper: The Group Project will enable the students to observe how other organizations operate, and to discuss differences among their organizations as well as the organization studied. Each student will write this third, related, paper in which comparisons of the target organization for the Group Project and team members organizations are compared to the individual's organization.Students will relate what they have learned, and provide insights into how what they have learned from that paper and how the contents of this course can be utilized to improve operations in their own organizations. Special focus should be on the HRS function/operations. Due Wednesday, September 24th. Details of this project will be discussed in class. Note: For all written reports, critical thinking, creativity, and accuracy are the keys. In addition, the papers should be: 1. Well organized, including an introduction and conclusions. 2.Grammatically correct 3. Typed in Times New Roman #12 font. 4. Single spaced. 5. Two sided printing is preferred to save paper. 6. Good documentation (bibliography, and footnotes as appropriate). But in writing the reflective notes bibliography/footnotes not required for the required readings. 7. Appropriate use Of charts and diagrams. 8. Neat and properly presented. Pages numbered and stapled together. Plagiarism is prohibited and will result in a failing grade. All direct quotes should note the source, and any significant paraphrasing should be noted.If students have any doubts as to what constitutes plagiarism I suggest studying websites on this subject. Some good ones can be found at: http:// sibs. Tama. Du/Eden/plagiarism. HTML. I grade from the assumption that everyone earns a â€Å"B,† satisfactory completion of the work, unless the individual â€Å"distinguishes† her/himself in a positive, or negative, manner. Grades will be determined as follows: In order to earn an A for the course all written work must be graded A and class participation must be graded B+ or better. Course Syllabus Finance Course Description A study of the financial forms of business organization, with special attention to the corporation and its advantages and disadvantages; capital stocks and bonds; budgeting; dividend policy; failure and reorganization; financial accounting; and cash Rationale This course Introduces the student to the role of the corporate finance manager In both raising and using funds. It highlights the usefulness of knowing tax, law, accounting, Investment principles, and the mathematics of finance. L. Prerequisites Junior statusII. Required Resource Purchase Disclaimer: The above resource provides information consistent with the latest research regarding the subject area. Liberty university does not necessarily endorse specific personal, religious, philosophical, or political positions found In this resource. Ill. Dilation Materials for Learning A. Computer with basic audited output equipment B. Internet access (broadband recommended) C.Microsoft Word (Microsoft Office i s available at a special discount to Liberty university students. ) D. Financial Calculator It is strongly recommended that the student have access to a financial calculator that is capable of TV (time-value of money), NP (net-present value), and AIR (internal rate of return) calculations. The Texas Instrument BAA II Plus series is an excellent solution. IV. Measurable Learning Outcomes upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: A. Interpret and analyze financial statements for the measurement of liquidity, profitability.